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2017
Journal article
Open Access
Lip segmentation based on Lambertian shadings and morphological operators for hyper-spectral images
Danielis A., Giorgi D., Larsson M., Stromberg T., Colantonio S., Salvetti O.
Lip segmentation is a non-trivial task because the colour difference between the lip and the skin regions maybe not so noticeable sometimes. We propose an automatic lip segmentation technique for hyper-spectral images from an imaging prototype with medical applications. Contrarily to many other existing lip segmentation methods, we do not use colour space transformations to localise the lip area. As input image, we use for the first time a parametric blood concentration map computed by using narrow spectral bands. Our method mainly consists of three phases: (i) for each subject generate a subset of face images enhanced by different simulated Lambertian illuminations, then (ii) perform lip segmentation on each enhanced image by using constrained morphological operations, and finally (iii) extract features from Fourier-based modeled lip boundaries for selecting the lip candidate. Experiments for testing our approach are performed under controlled conditions on volunteers and on a public hyper-spectral dataset. Results show the effectiveness of the algorithm against low spectral range, moustache, and noise.Source: Pattern recognition 63 (2017): 355–370. doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2016.10.007
DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2016.10.007
Project(s): SEMEOTICONS
Metrics:
Danielis A., Giorgi D., Larsson M., Stromberg T., Colantonio S., Salvetti O.
Lip segmentation is a non-trivial task because the colour difference between the lip and the skin regions maybe not so noticeable sometimes. We propose an automatic lip segmentation technique for hyper-spectral images from an imaging prototype with medical applications. Contrarily to many other existing lip segmentation methods, we do not use colour space transformations to localise the lip area. As input image, we use for the first time a parametric blood concentration map computed by using narrow spectral bands. Our method mainly consists of three phases: (i) for each subject generate a subset of face images enhanced by different simulated Lambertian illuminations, then (ii) perform lip segmentation on each enhanced image by using constrained morphological operations, and finally (iii) extract features from Fourier-based modeled lip boundaries for selecting the lip candidate. Experiments for testing our approach are performed under controlled conditions on volunteers and on a public hyper-spectral dataset. Results show the effectiveness of the algorithm against low spectral range, moustache, and noise.Source: Pattern recognition 63 (2017): 355–370. doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2016.10.007
DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2016.10.007
Project(s): SEMEOTICONS
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository 
| Pattern Recognition 
| www.sciencedirect.com | CNR ExploRA
2017
Journal article
Open Access
Lip segmentation on hyper-spectral images
Danielis A., Giorgi D., Colantonio S.
We present a lip segmentation method based on simulated Lambertian shadings. The input consists of hyper-spectral images generated by a prototype for medical applications.Source: ERCIM news (2017): 40–41.
Project(s): SEMEOTICONS
Danielis A., Giorgi D., Colantonio S.
We present a lip segmentation method based on simulated Lambertian shadings. The input consists of hyper-spectral images generated by a prototype for medical applications.Source: ERCIM news (2017): 40–41.
Project(s): SEMEOTICONS
See at:
ISTI Repository | ercim-news.ercim.eu | CNR ExploRA
2016
Journal article
Restricted
Noninvasive analysis of low-contrast images on ancient textiles: the case of the Shroud of Arquat
Di Lazzaro P., Guarneri M., Murra D., Spizzichino V., Danielis A., Piraccini V., Missori M.
We present the results of the first in-depth measurements of the linen cloth of the shroud of Arquata, a precious copy of the Shroud of Turin, which dates back to 1653. The measurements aimed at finding the nature of the faint and low-contrast body impressions on the linen cloth, which are not produced by drawings or paintings as in the other copies of the Shroud of Turin. In general, the optical analysis and the imaging of low-contrast stains on ancient textiles is a complex task, due to the irregular surface and the influence of spectrum, position and uniformity of the illuminating source on colour accuracy and rendition. A correct evaluation requires a multidisciplinary approach. We used noninvasive technolo- gies, including imaging topological radar, laser induced fluorescence, absolute diffused reflectance and absorption spectra, which were previously used to study frescoes, paintings, antique papers, but were never exploited on ancient textiles. The combined results of our measurements and data elaboration allowed identifying the origins of the body impressions, of the stains simulating blood and of the other marks embedded on the linen cloth. Our results can be used to plan the proper long-term conservation of the linen cloth and of marks on it.Source: Journal of cultural heritage 17 (2016): 14–19. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2015.07.008
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2015.07.008
Metrics:
Di Lazzaro P., Guarneri M., Murra D., Spizzichino V., Danielis A., Piraccini V., Missori M.
We present the results of the first in-depth measurements of the linen cloth of the shroud of Arquata, a precious copy of the Shroud of Turin, which dates back to 1653. The measurements aimed at finding the nature of the faint and low-contrast body impressions on the linen cloth, which are not produced by drawings or paintings as in the other copies of the Shroud of Turin. In general, the optical analysis and the imaging of low-contrast stains on ancient textiles is a complex task, due to the irregular surface and the influence of spectrum, position and uniformity of the illuminating source on colour accuracy and rendition. A correct evaluation requires a multidisciplinary approach. We used noninvasive technolo- gies, including imaging topological radar, laser induced fluorescence, absolute diffused reflectance and absorption spectra, which were previously used to study frescoes, paintings, antique papers, but were never exploited on ancient textiles. The combined results of our measurements and data elaboration allowed identifying the origins of the body impressions, of the stains simulating blood and of the other marks embedded on the linen cloth. Our results can be used to plan the proper long-term conservation of the linen cloth and of marks on it.Source: Journal of cultural heritage 17 (2016): 14–19. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2015.07.008
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2015.07.008
Metrics:
See at:
Journal of Cultural Heritage | www.sciencedirect.com | ENEA Open Archive | CNR ExploRA
2016
Report
Unknown
SEMEOTICONS - Methods for bio-morphometric and colorimetric face characterisation - final release
Pascali M. A., Danielis A., Giorgi D., Colantonio S., Raccichini G., Henriquez P., Matuszewski B. J.
The present document is the final deliverable of Task 4.3 - Bio-morphometric and colorimetric face characterization. The objective of Task 4.3 is to develop a set of software tools to perform bio-morphometric facial measurements based on three-dimensional (3D) facial data acquired via a low-cost 3D scanner. The measurements are expected to detect and monitor over time facial changes correlated with cardio-metabolic risk. Colour information is expected to complement the characterization, providing extra information about facial pallor, redness, and asymmetric face colouring, possibly related to local skin anomalies, such as rash, inflammation, or redness.Source: Project report, SEMEOTICONS, Deliverable D4.3.2, 2016
Project(s): SEMEOTICONS
Pascali M. A., Danielis A., Giorgi D., Colantonio S., Raccichini G., Henriquez P., Matuszewski B. J.
The present document is the final deliverable of Task 4.3 - Bio-morphometric and colorimetric face characterization. The objective of Task 4.3 is to develop a set of software tools to perform bio-morphometric facial measurements based on three-dimensional (3D) facial data acquired via a low-cost 3D scanner. The measurements are expected to detect and monitor over time facial changes correlated with cardio-metabolic risk. Colour information is expected to complement the characterization, providing extra information about facial pallor, redness, and asymmetric face colouring, possibly related to local skin anomalies, such as rash, inflammation, or redness.Source: Project report, SEMEOTICONS, Deliverable D4.3.2, 2016
Project(s): SEMEOTICONS
See at: CNR ExploRA
2015
Journal article
Open Access
Imaging topological radar technology as a general purpose instrument for remote colorimetric assessment, structural security, cataloguing, and dissemination
Guarneri M., De Dominicis L., De Collibus M. F., Fornetti G., Francucci M., Nuvoli M., Danielis A., Mencattini A.
While today 3D digitisation techniques are commonly applied in several areas of cultural heritage, introducing new ways for monitoring, cataloguing, and studying masterpieces, the use of these technologies is not always worthwhile in terms of costs/benefits. The ENEA UTAPRAD-DIM laboratory has developed optoelectronic devices for cultural heritage applications. Two different 3D laser scanners for terrestrial and underwater inspection have been the subject of laboratory research for the last decade and a new technique known as imaging topological radar (ITR) has been developed and patented. The ITR system is based on the superimposition of three amplitude-modulated laser sources for the simultaneous acquisition of data related to colour and structure. This approach opens new scenarios for colour measurement and remote/non-invasive analysis, reducing the gap between costs and benefits from the technology. Several factors affect the quality of data collected by ITR, such as the precision of the scanner mechanism, the material and shape of the work studied, and the geometry of scanning (i.e. distance and angular dependencies). This paper explores the effect of the geometry of scanning on point cloud quality, focussing attention on data correction algorithms and their practical application. The data collected during the digitisation of the Sistine Chapel using the RGB-ITR scanner serve as a case study for validating the theoretical assumptions, models, and algorithms.Source: Studies in conservation (Online) 60 (2015): S134–S142. doi:10.1179/0039363015Z.000000000218
DOI: 10.1179/0039363015z.000000000218
Metrics:
Guarneri M., De Dominicis L., De Collibus M. F., Fornetti G., Francucci M., Nuvoli M., Danielis A., Mencattini A.
While today 3D digitisation techniques are commonly applied in several areas of cultural heritage, introducing new ways for monitoring, cataloguing, and studying masterpieces, the use of these technologies is not always worthwhile in terms of costs/benefits. The ENEA UTAPRAD-DIM laboratory has developed optoelectronic devices for cultural heritage applications. Two different 3D laser scanners for terrestrial and underwater inspection have been the subject of laboratory research for the last decade and a new technique known as imaging topological radar (ITR) has been developed and patented. The ITR system is based on the superimposition of three amplitude-modulated laser sources for the simultaneous acquisition of data related to colour and structure. This approach opens new scenarios for colour measurement and remote/non-invasive analysis, reducing the gap between costs and benefits from the technology. Several factors affect the quality of data collected by ITR, such as the precision of the scanner mechanism, the material and shape of the work studied, and the geometry of scanning (i.e. distance and angular dependencies). This paper explores the effect of the geometry of scanning on point cloud quality, focussing attention on data correction algorithms and their practical application. The data collected during the digitisation of the Sistine Chapel using the RGB-ITR scanner serve as a case study for validating the theoretical assumptions, models, and algorithms.Source: Studies in conservation (Online) 60 (2015): S134–S142. doi:10.1179/0039363015Z.000000000218
DOI: 10.1179/0039363015z.000000000218
Metrics:
See at:
Studies in Conservation | Studies in Conservation | www.maneyonline.com | ENEA Open Archive | CNR ExploRA
2015
Journal article
Open Access
A quadratic model with non-polynomial terms for remote colorimetric calibration of 3D laser scanner data based on piecewise cubic hermite polynomials
Danielis A., Guarneri M., Francucci M., Ferri De Collibus M., Fornetti G., Mencattini A.
The processing of intensity data from terrestrial laser scanners has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Accurate calibrated intensity could give added value for laser scanning campaigns, for example, in producing faithful 3D colour models of real targets and classifying easier and more reliable automatic tools. In cultural heritage area, the purely geometric information provided by the vast majority of currently available scanners is not enough for most applications, where indeed accurate colorimetric data is needed. is paper presents a remote calibration method for self-registered RGB colour data provided by a 3D tristimulus laser scanner prototype. Such distinguishing colour information opens new scenarios and problems for remote colorimetry. Using piecewise cubic Hermite polynomials, a quadratic model with nonpolynomial terms for reducing inaccuracies occurring in remote colour measurement is implemented. Colorimetric data recorded by the prototype on certi ed di usive targets is processed for generating a remote Lambertian model used for assessing the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Results concerning laser scanner digitizations of artworks are reported to con rm the e ectiveness of the method.Source: Mathematical problems in engineering (Print) 2015 (2015). doi:10.1155/2015/606948
DOI: 10.1155/2015/606948
Metrics:
Danielis A., Guarneri M., Francucci M., Ferri De Collibus M., Fornetti G., Mencattini A.
The processing of intensity data from terrestrial laser scanners has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Accurate calibrated intensity could give added value for laser scanning campaigns, for example, in producing faithful 3D colour models of real targets and classifying easier and more reliable automatic tools. In cultural heritage area, the purely geometric information provided by the vast majority of currently available scanners is not enough for most applications, where indeed accurate colorimetric data is needed. is paper presents a remote calibration method for self-registered RGB colour data provided by a 3D tristimulus laser scanner prototype. Such distinguishing colour information opens new scenarios and problems for remote colorimetry. Using piecewise cubic Hermite polynomials, a quadratic model with nonpolynomial terms for reducing inaccuracies occurring in remote colour measurement is implemented. Colorimetric data recorded by the prototype on certi ed di usive targets is processed for generating a remote Lambertian model used for assessing the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Results concerning laser scanner digitizations of artworks are reported to con rm the e ectiveness of the method.Source: Mathematical problems in engineering (Print) 2015 (2015). doi:10.1155/2015/606948
DOI: 10.1155/2015/606948
Metrics:
See at:
Mathematical Problems in Engineering | Mathematical Problems in Engineering | Mathematical Problems in Engineering | www.hindawi.com | ENEA Open Archive | CNR ExploRA
2015
Conference article
Restricted
Image processing from laser scanners for remote diagnostic and virtual fruition of cultural heritage
Fantoni R., Colao F., Caneve L., Spizzichino V., Guarneri M., Danielis A., Ferri De Collibus M., Fornetti G., Francucci M., Mencattini A.
Two types of high resolution laser scanners have been developed for remote applications with imaging capabilities for optical or spectroscopic characterization of CH surfaces: a three-chromatic imaging topologic radar (RGB-ITR) and hyperspectral LIF-scanning, collecting at each investigated point the entire fluorescence spectra relevant to the utilized UV laser excitation. Their combined use produces multi-layered images with enhanced information content, which is especially valuable in CH characterization of surface materials.Source: IWSSIP 2015 - International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing, pp. 339–342, London, UK, 10-12 September 2015
DOI: 10.1109/iwssip.2015.7314243
Metrics:
Fantoni R., Colao F., Caneve L., Spizzichino V., Guarneri M., Danielis A., Ferri De Collibus M., Fornetti G., Francucci M., Mencattini A.
Two types of high resolution laser scanners have been developed for remote applications with imaging capabilities for optical or spectroscopic characterization of CH surfaces: a three-chromatic imaging topologic radar (RGB-ITR) and hyperspectral LIF-scanning, collecting at each investigated point the entire fluorescence spectra relevant to the utilized UV laser excitation. Their combined use produces multi-layered images with enhanced information content, which is especially valuable in CH characterization of surface materials.Source: IWSSIP 2015 - International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing, pp. 339–342, London, UK, 10-12 September 2015
DOI: 10.1109/iwssip.2015.7314243
Metrics:
See at:
doi.org | ieeexplore.ieee.org | ENEA Open Archive | CNR ExploRA
2015
Contribution to conference
Unknown
3D laser colour imaging for cultural heritage area
Danielis A., Guarneri M., Francucci M., Ferri De Collibus M., Fornetti G., Mencattini A.
The processing of intensity data from terrestrial laser scanners has attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Accurate calibrated intensity could give added value for laser scanning campaigns, e.g., in producing faithful 3D colour models of real targets and classifying easier and more reliable automa6c tools. In Cultural Heritage area, the purely geometric information provided by the vast majority of currently available scanners is not enough for most applications, where indeed accurate colorimetric data is needed. This work presents two remote calibration methods for self-registered RGB colour data provided by a patented 3D colour laser scanner prototype completely designed and realized at ENEA laboratories of Frascati (Rome) for Cultural Heritage purposes. Such distinguishing colour information opens new scenarios and problems for remote colorimetry: one among all is the independence of colour measurement by distance and ambient lighting conditions.Source: GMEE 2015 - XXXII Congresso Nazionale dell'Associazione "Gruppo di Misure Elettriche ed Elettroniche", pp. 19–20, Lecco, Italy, 10 -12 September 2015
Danielis A., Guarneri M., Francucci M., Ferri De Collibus M., Fornetti G., Mencattini A.
The processing of intensity data from terrestrial laser scanners has attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Accurate calibrated intensity could give added value for laser scanning campaigns, e.g., in producing faithful 3D colour models of real targets and classifying easier and more reliable automa6c tools. In Cultural Heritage area, the purely geometric information provided by the vast majority of currently available scanners is not enough for most applications, where indeed accurate colorimetric data is needed. This work presents two remote calibration methods for self-registered RGB colour data provided by a patented 3D colour laser scanner prototype completely designed and realized at ENEA laboratories of Frascati (Rome) for Cultural Heritage purposes. Such distinguishing colour information opens new scenarios and problems for remote colorimetry: one among all is the independence of colour measurement by distance and ambient lighting conditions.Source: GMEE 2015 - XXXII Congresso Nazionale dell'Associazione "Gruppo di Misure Elettriche ed Elettroniche", pp. 19–20, Lecco, Italy, 10 -12 September 2015
See at: CNR ExploRA
2015
Report
Restricted
Studio multidisciplinare della sindone di Arquata del Tronto "extractum ab originali"
Danielis A., Di Lazzaro P., Guarneri M., Murra D., Spizzichino V., Missori M., Piraccini V., Mencattini A.
In this report we summarize the main results of the first in-depth measurement of the Shroud of Arquata, a 1:1 copy of the Shroud of Turin which dates back to 1653. The most peculiar feature of the Shroud of Arquata is the front and back human footprint which is not produced by apparent drawings or painting as in the other copies of the Shroud. In the frame of an agreement between the City of Arquata, the Technical Unit Application of Radiation of the ENEA Centre of Frascati and the Institute of Complex Systems of CNR, we used sophisticated optical and spectroscopic non-invasive technologies, suitable to the study of Cultural Heritage. The elaboration of experimental results allowed to obtain scientific data apt to suggest the possible origins of the double image, of the stains simulating blood and of the false patches embedded on the Shroud of Arquata. In addition, the experimental data allowed to develop a plan for the proper long-term conservation of the Shroud of Arquata.Source: ISTI Technical reports, 2015
Danielis A., Di Lazzaro P., Guarneri M., Murra D., Spizzichino V., Missori M., Piraccini V., Mencattini A.
In this report we summarize the main results of the first in-depth measurement of the Shroud of Arquata, a 1:1 copy of the Shroud of Turin which dates back to 1653. The most peculiar feature of the Shroud of Arquata is the front and back human footprint which is not produced by apparent drawings or painting as in the other copies of the Shroud. In the frame of an agreement between the City of Arquata, the Technical Unit Application of Radiation of the ENEA Centre of Frascati and the Institute of Complex Systems of CNR, we used sophisticated optical and spectroscopic non-invasive technologies, suitable to the study of Cultural Heritage. The elaboration of experimental results allowed to obtain scientific data apt to suggest the possible origins of the double image, of the stains simulating blood and of the false patches embedded on the Shroud of Arquata. In addition, the experimental data allowed to develop a plan for the proper long-term conservation of the Shroud of Arquata.Source: ISTI Technical reports, 2015
See at:
hdl.handle.net | CNR ExploRA
2015
Doctoral thesis
Unknown
Image processing techniques for 3D colour data from remote laser scanner prototype with Cultural Heritage applications
Danielis A.
This PhD project is a collaboration between ENEA Research Center of Frascati and the Department of Electronic Engineering of the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" focused on the development of image processing techniques for 3D colour images acquired by a terrestrial laser scanner for Cultural Heritage (CH) purposes. The imaging system is a patented 3D remote tristimulus laser scanner prototype completely designed and realized at ENEA laboratories, called RGB-ITR (Red Green Blue - Imaging Topological Radar). This opto-electronic device is based on the amplitude modulation of three monochro- matic sources (660 nm, 514 nm, and 440 nm), and able to simultaneously collect colour and structure information for any investigated sampled surface point in a working range of about 3-30 meters, without being affected by ambient illumination. This capabil- ity makes colour information as important as range data, opening new scenarios and problems for 3D remote colorimetric processing. To authors' knowledge, this is the first amplitude modulated 3D scanner ever realised that can natively acquire colour infor- mation. In CH area the purely geometric information provided by the vast majority of currently available scanners is not enough for most applications, where indeed accu- rate colorimetric and range data are both needed. Furthermore, the modularity of the ITR system permits to replace the RGB colour sources with a near-infrared (800 nm) laser, making also possible multisensiorial data processing and integration. Multisenso- rial data integration is particularly important for CH conservation applications, since it enables restorers to map diagnostic data directly onto the 3D model of the work of art being restored, so as to carefully plan potentially invasive operations and prevent possible damages. Within this framework, the scientific challenge of this research was to enhance and highlight the potentialities that the 3D, colorimetric and infrared technique that the laser scanner prototype is able to deliver on works of art of medium and large dimensions at short and large distances, and to provide benefits for dissemination, catologuing, education, remote diagnosis and restoration purposes. This study involves various issues and tasks including remote colorimetric calibration, colour, near-infrared and range image enhancement and segmentation, and image fu- sion. These issues and tasks have been addressed, analysed and improved during the PhD period, and are here described emphasizing the mathematical methods used for implementing the algorithms. In experts opinion this is a really solid piece of work that will be very useful within the field of colour and structural monitoring in various heritage conservation fields. The techniques here presented will show that the laser scanner prototype is a tool that could help to improve accurate diagnosis about conservation issues based on images and colour change, that is, without any kind of affection on the heritage. The algorithms used meet the requirements of identify areas of alteration - on ITR digitisations of artworks - based just on colour and range information. These could be very useful tools for the future as well. To the best of the authors knowledge this is the first time that a similar approach has been carried out, so that this study can be considered a significant contribution to heritage preservation studies.
Danielis A.
This PhD project is a collaboration between ENEA Research Center of Frascati and the Department of Electronic Engineering of the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" focused on the development of image processing techniques for 3D colour images acquired by a terrestrial laser scanner for Cultural Heritage (CH) purposes. The imaging system is a patented 3D remote tristimulus laser scanner prototype completely designed and realized at ENEA laboratories, called RGB-ITR (Red Green Blue - Imaging Topological Radar). This opto-electronic device is based on the amplitude modulation of three monochro- matic sources (660 nm, 514 nm, and 440 nm), and able to simultaneously collect colour and structure information for any investigated sampled surface point in a working range of about 3-30 meters, without being affected by ambient illumination. This capabil- ity makes colour information as important as range data, opening new scenarios and problems for 3D remote colorimetric processing. To authors' knowledge, this is the first amplitude modulated 3D scanner ever realised that can natively acquire colour infor- mation. In CH area the purely geometric information provided by the vast majority of currently available scanners is not enough for most applications, where indeed accu- rate colorimetric and range data are both needed. Furthermore, the modularity of the ITR system permits to replace the RGB colour sources with a near-infrared (800 nm) laser, making also possible multisensiorial data processing and integration. Multisenso- rial data integration is particularly important for CH conservation applications, since it enables restorers to map diagnostic data directly onto the 3D model of the work of art being restored, so as to carefully plan potentially invasive operations and prevent possible damages. Within this framework, the scientific challenge of this research was to enhance and highlight the potentialities that the 3D, colorimetric and infrared technique that the laser scanner prototype is able to deliver on works of art of medium and large dimensions at short and large distances, and to provide benefits for dissemination, catologuing, education, remote diagnosis and restoration purposes. This study involves various issues and tasks including remote colorimetric calibration, colour, near-infrared and range image enhancement and segmentation, and image fu- sion. These issues and tasks have been addressed, analysed and improved during the PhD period, and are here described emphasizing the mathematical methods used for implementing the algorithms. In experts opinion this is a really solid piece of work that will be very useful within the field of colour and structural monitoring in various heritage conservation fields. The techniques here presented will show that the laser scanner prototype is a tool that could help to improve accurate diagnosis about conservation issues based on images and colour change, that is, without any kind of affection on the heritage. The algorithms used meet the requirements of identify areas of alteration - on ITR digitisations of artworks - based just on colour and range information. These could be very useful tools for the future as well. To the best of the authors knowledge this is the first time that a similar approach has been carried out, so that this study can be considered a significant contribution to heritage preservation studies.
See at: CNR ExploRA